Prostatitis is one of the most common urological diseases in men.It is generally accepted that after 30 years 30% of men suffer from prostatitis, after 40 - 40%, after 50 - 50%, etc.At the same time, the real incidence is much higher than the recorded one, this is explained by the peculiarities of the diagnosis and the possibility that the disease occurs in a latent form.With prostatitis, numerous problems occur when urinating, libido decreases, and erectile function is affected.
Prostatitis is one of the most common urological diseases in men.It is generally accepted that after 30 years 30% of men suffer from prostatitis, after 40 - 40%, after 50 - 50%, etc.At the same time, the real incidence is much higher than the recorded one, this is explained by the peculiarities of the diagnosis and the possibility that the disease occurs in a latent form.
The prostate is a small glandular-muscular organ that is located in the small pelvis below the bladder, covering the initial section of the urethra (urethra).The prostate produces a secretion that, mixed with the seminal fluid, maintains the activity of the sperm and their resistance to various adverse conditions.
With prostatitis, numerous problems occur when urinating, libido decreases, and erectile function is affected.The saddest thing is that in the absence of adequate treatment, approximately 40% of patients face some form of infertility, since the prostate can no longer produce a sufficient amount of high-quality secretion to ensure sperm motility.It is important to remember that similar symptoms can occur not only with prostatitis, but also with prostate adenoma and cancer.
Forms of prostatitis
According to the 1995 American National Institutes of Health (NIH USA) criteria, there are four categories of prostatitis:
- Category I - Acute prostatitis;
- Category II: chronic bacterial prostatitis;
- Category III - Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS):
- Category IIIa: chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome with signs of inflammation;
- Category IIIb: chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome without signs of inflammation;
- Category IV: asymptomatic chronic prostatitis (asymptomatic).
Chronic granulomatous prostatitis, not mentioned in this classification, also occasionally occurs.
Most experts distinguish 4 main forms of prostatitis:
- acute bacterial prostatitis,
- chronic bacterial prostatitis,
- nonbacterial prostatitis
- Prostatodynia.
Causes of prostatitis in men
In people under 35 years of age, the disease usually presents in the form of acute bacterial prostatitis.It is called bacterial prostatitis when there is laboratory confirmation of the presence of infection.Most often it turns out to be chlamydia, trichomoniasis, gardnerellosis or gonorrhea.The infection enters the prostate from the urethra, bladder, rectum, and through blood and lymph vessels in the pelvis.
However, recent studies show that in most cases the infection is due to existing alterations in the structure of the prostate tissue and blood circulation.In nonbacterial prostatitis, bacteria cannot be isolated, although this does not exclude their presence.
In older patients, chronic forms of the disease are more often diagnosed.
Prostatodynia is the presence of a clinical picture of prostatitis, thickening of the prostate tissue without signs of inflammation.
Symptoms of prostatitis in men.
The symptoms of prostatitis can be divided into 3 groups:
- disorders of the urinary system (frequent and painful urge to urinate, feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder), pain in the lower abdomen;
- disorders of sexual function (pain along the urethra and in the rectum during ejaculation, weak erection, premature ejaculation, loss of orgasm, etc.);
- increased anxiety and nervousness of a man, caused by the fixation of the patient's attention on his condition.
Acute prostatitis usually begins with an increase in body temperature to 39-40°C with fever and chills.Urination is difficult and painful.Inflammation of the prostate occurs, which can cause acute urinary retention.
Chronic prostatitis progresses more calmly, but at any time, under unfavorable factors, an exacerbation can occur.Possibly asymptomatic.
Complications of prostatitis
In the absence of timely treatment, prostatitis can cause the following complications:
- transition from acute to chronic prostatitis,
- Bladder obstruction with acute urinary retention, requiring surgical treatment.
- development of male infertility,
- narrowing and scarring of the urethra,
- recurrent cystitis,
- pyelonephritis and other kidney damage,
- abscess (suppuration) of the prostate, requiring surgical intervention,
- Sepsis is a life-threatening complication that often develops in people with reduced immunity (patients with diabetes mellitus, kidney failure).
Treatment of prostatitis in men.
The modern arsenal for diagnosing prostate diseases is very extensive.
The doctor will prescribe a bacteriological examination of your urine and prostate secretions.To clarify the location of a urinary tract infection, different portions of urine are examined.Additionally, a mandatory diagnostic method is digital examination of the prostate.This procedure is not very pleasant, but it is very informative.Your doctor may refer you for an ultrasound of the prostate and pelvic organs.If necessary, computed or magnetic nuclear tomography, cystoscopy, urography, and prostate enzyme tests are prescribed.
When making a diagnosis, your doctor must rule out the presence of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.To quickly relieve pain in acute prostatitis, pain relievers and warm baths may be recommended.
Bacterial prostatitis requires the prescription of antibiotics, the selection of which is carried out based on the results of bacteriological culture of secretions on nutrient media and the determination of the sensitivity of the pathogen to chemotherapy.
Nonbacterial prostatitis is treated with anti-inflammatory medications.
Prostatitis prevention
Avoid hypothermia and do not sit on cold objects.Follow a gentle diet (excluding alcohol, spicy, fried and canned foods).Regular sex life is also a way to prevent prostatitis (since one of the provoking factors is sperm stagnation and frequent erections without subsequent ejaculation).Equally important is the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
In adulthood, every man should undergo regular (once a year) examinations by a urologist.After prostatitis, preventive courses of outpatient treatment are carried out at least 2 times a year for a month and a course of sanatorium treatment.